Establishment of Terra Mariana

Date: February 2, 1207 • Location: Rome, Italy

Terra Mariana, comprising present-day Estonia and Latvia, was established as a principality of the Holy Roman Empire.

Terra Mariana was the formal name for Medieval Livonia or Old Livonia. It was formed in the aftermath of the Livonian Crusade, and its territories were composed of present-day Estonia and Latvia. It was established on 2 February 1207, as a principality of the Holy Roman Empire, and lost this status in 1215 when Pope Innocent III proclaimed it as directly subject to the Holy See.